 Garcetti v. Ceballos |
|
This Supreme Court case considered the amount of free speech a public employee can make in the course of their duties. The Court ruled that the First Amendment does not apply to public employees when they speak as part of their job; the First Amendment only applies when they speak as a private citizen.
|
| Gonzales v. Carhart |
|
In Gonzales v. Carhart, the Supreme Court ruled that a Congressional ban on partial-birth abortion was not unconstitutionaly vague.
|
| Gratz v. Bollinger |
|
In the case of Gratz v. Bollinger, the Supreme Court considered the University of Michigan's undergraduate admissions policy and found that race was too significant a factor in admissions decisions.
|
| Grutter v. Bollinger |
|
This Supreme Court case upheld the decision in University of California v. Bakke that the narrow use of race in admissions decisions was permissible. This precedent was overturned by the Supreme Court in Harvard and UNC v. Students for Fair Admissions.
|
| Haaland v. Brackeen |
|
In Haaland v. Brackeen, the Supreme Court upheld the Indian Child Welfare Act, ruling that states could not circumvent ICWA adoption protocol.
|
| Hyde Amendment |
|
The Hyde Amendment, first appearing as part of an appropriations bill for the Departments of Labor, and Health, Education, and Welfare, prevents federal funds from being spent on abortion care. Versions of the Hyde Amendment continue to be adopted by Congress each year, though exceptions have been added to allow for the termination of pregnancies that result from rape or incest or that endanger the life of the mother.
|
| Indian Child Welfare Act |
|
An Act intended "to protect the best interests of Indian Children," the Indian Child Welfare Act supports tribal sovereignty and tribal involvement in the welfare of its children. The Indian Child Welfare Act was upheld in the 2023 Supreme Court decision in Haaland v. Brackeen.
|
| Indian Civil Rights Act |
|
The Indian Civil Rights Act ensured that constitutional rights were extended to Native Americans while also ensuring tribal sovereignty.
|
| Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act |
|
This act gave tribal nations increased funding and decision-making power over education systems on reservations. This law signified an increase in tribal sovereignty.
|
| Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act |
|
This act allowed 130,000 refugees from South Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos to enter the United States and allotted relocation aid and financial assistance.
|
| Iroquois Confederacy and Indian Nations—Recognizing Contributions to the United States |
|
In this resolution, Congress acknowledged the contributions of the Iroquois Confederacy and other Native nations to the formation and development of the United States and reaffirmed the federal government's responsibilities and obligations to Native Americans.
|
| Joint Resolution Proposing an Amendment to the Constitution of the United States Relative to Equal Rights for Men and Women |
|
The Equal Rights Amendment of 1972 was intended to guarantee protection against sexual discrimination for women. It passed Congress in 1972, but only 35 of the requisite 38 states ratified the amendment before the deadline set by Congress. The Equal Rights amendment was written by Alice Paul in 1921 and first presented to Congress in 1923, shortly after the amendment granting women voting rights was ratified.
|
| Keyishian v. Board of Regents |
|
In the Supreme Court case of Keyishian v. Board of Regents, the Court considered whether a New York law limiting the public employment of "subversive persons" was a violation of the First Amendment. The Court in this case ruled that First Amendment restrictions must be narrow.
|
| Korematsu v. United States (1984) |
|
In this case, Korematsu challenged his 1942 conviction by filing a writ of coram nobis, which asserted that his original conviction was so flawed as to represent a grave injustice and should be reversed. The judge granted the writ, thereby voiding Korematsu's conviction.
|
| Lawrence v. Texas |
|
This Supreme Court case struck down a Texas law that criminalized sexual relations between people of the same sex. Lawrence v. Texas ruled that all sexual relations between consenting adults is legal.
|
| McClanahan v. Arizona State Tax Commission |
|
In McClanahan v. Arizona State Tax Commission, the Supreme Court ruled that the state did not have the right to tax Native Americans living and earning income on tribal land.
|
| McGirt v. Oklahoma |
|
In McGirt v. Oklahoma, the Supreme Court found that the lands in eastern Oklahoma were under the legal jurisdiction of the tribal nations. This decision reestablished tribal sovereignty for the Five Tribes, the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee Creek, and Seminole.
|
| Mescalero Apache Tribe v. Jones |
|
In Mescalero Apache Tribe v. Jones, the Supreme Court ruled that the state could tax tribal business that is off-reservation, but not business that took place on the reservation.
|
| NAACP v. Allen |
|
In this case, the court ruled that the Department of Public Safety of Alabama needed to follow affirmative action principles to reduce discrimination.
|
| Nebraska Civil Rights Initiative |
|
This amendment to the Nebraska Constitution banned the use of affirmative action in the "operation of public employment, public education, or public contracting." It was initiated as a ballot measure that was approved in 2008.
|
| Nixon v. Fitzgerald |
|
In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that a president "is entitled to absolute immunity from damages liability predicated on his official acts."
|
| Obergefell v. Hodges |
|
In the landmark decision in Obergefell v. Hodges, the Supreme Court found that same-sex marriage was protected under the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.
|
| Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe |
|
In Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, the court ruled that Native American tribes had no jurisdiction over non-Indians. The ruling was later overturned by the Indian Civil Rights Act and the ruling in Duro v. Reina that stated tribes had criminal jurisdiction over nonmember Indians. The case of Dollar General v. Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians also held that tribes had jurisdiction over non-Indians.
|
| Omaha Grapples with its Ugly Past (Will Brown) |
|
This article looks at the legacy of the lynching of Will Brown, featuring interviews with prominent, Black Omaha community members Preston Love and Ernie Chambers, as well as University of Nebraska-Omaha Urban studies professor, Barbara Hewins-Maroney.
|
| Papachristou et al. v. City of Jacksonville |
|
The Supreme Court found in Papachristou et al. v. City of Jacksonville that state and municipal vagrancy codes were too vague, resulting in their overturning.
|